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Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 3, 269-286 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X99018003003

The Language of Defense

Linguistic Patterns in Narratives of Transgressions

Astrid Schütz

Universität Bamberg, astrid.schuetz{at}ppp.uni-bamberg

Roy F. Baumeister

Case Western Reserve University, rfb2{at}po.cwru.edu

To investigate how defensive motivations would affect patterns of language use, the authors compared narratives of personal transgressions (about hurting someone) against a set of narratives about making someone happy. Compared to the happy stories, transgression narratives were more likely to describe actions occurring without deliberate guidance or intention. Length in word count did not vary, but transgression narratives had shorter sentences, especially in the sections describing the transgression and its consequences. They had longer introductions, presumably to explain background and mitigating circumstances. Transgression narratives featured the emotions and thoughts of the narrator significantly more than did narratives of making someone happy (which focused heavily on the target’s feelings), and they used more adverbs and similar words to emphasize the narrator’s emotions. Transgression narratives had fewer specific details but more (ostensibly) exact quotations.


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